The history of childhood and children / Tamar Weiss Gabai / Why + Dvir

ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ืชืžืจ ื•ื™ื™ืก ื’ื‘ืื™ / ืœืžื” + ื“ื‘ื™ืจ

ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื, ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•: ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.

ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ ืื• ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื”ื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืจืื•ืช ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื”ื, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ืจื— ืžืขืœ. ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ืœืง. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืืฉ โ€“ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ. 

'ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื' ืžืฆื™ื’ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ื.

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ - ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ โ€“ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืจืื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื, ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื• ื•ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ: "ื ื“ืžื” ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื’ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ โ€“ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืžืš ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจืฃ, ื•ืฉืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ื•ืžืชื—ืœืคื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉืืจ." 

"ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื•. ื•ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื ื• ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืคืงื•ื— ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ." ื›ื•ืชื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืื™ ื•ืคื•ืžืŸ. 

ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืืคืชื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืžืจื ื™: ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจ ื ื‘ื˜ ื‘ืžื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืจ ื•ื™ื™ืก ื’ื‘ืื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืžืื– ื”ื™ื ื—ืงืจื” ื•ืœืžื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.  ื’ื ื”ืžืื™ื™ืจืช ื—ืงืจื” ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืืช ื”ืจืงืข ื•ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.  

ืชืžืจ ื•ื™ื™ืก-ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื•ืคืจืช ื•ืชืกืจื™ื˜ืื™ืช, ื›ืœืช ืคืจืก ื‘ืจื ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจื” 'ื”ื—ื–ืื™ืช' ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœืชืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ืคืจืก ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืžืจ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื” 'ื˜ืœื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ'. ื”ื™ื ืžืžืงื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืจื›ื•ืช "ื”ืžื•ืกืš", ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช. ืชืžืจ ื™ื–ืžื” ื•ืขืจื›ื” ืืช ืืชืจ "2 - ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ืจื™ืช", ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื–ื”ื• ืกืคืจื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.